Konflikti lähiavaruudessa

WASHINGTON — Soldiers from a Colorado National Guard space battalion who visited the Pentagon on Sept. 5 said they have no idea what role, if any, they would have in the Space Force that President Trump has proposed.

But they did provide a glimpse into the daily grind of space warfare.

When they are called up for duty, soldiers from the 117th Space Battalion go to war zones to help commanders on the ground get what they need from space: satellite imagery, weather analysis, early warning of a missile launch, communications and navigation.

"The support teams are critical to success on the battlefield," said Colorado Army National Guard Sgt. Maj. Fred Korb.

A space team includes six soldiers — two officers and four enlisted service members. "They advise tactical units on how to better employ their assigned space-enabled equipment, such as precision-guided weapons systems, navigation equipment and communication systems," Korb told reporters at the Pentagon.

Warnings from military and intelligence agencies about Russia and China threatening to take down or jam U.S. satellites are taken seriously by the Army as forces have grown heavily dependent on satellites. A typical combat brigade has about 3,200 devices that can't function without GPS signals and approximately 300 satellite-based communications devices.

"Yeah, space is definitely an open and available asset — to anyone," said Staff Sgt. Joseph Fauskee, an intelligence officer in charge of one of the Army's space support teams of the 117th Space Battalion. Two of his four overseas deployments were in Afghanistan.

"So much of today's combat, just like so much of today's life here in the United States, is reliant on assets currently in space," he said. China and Russia are "definitely involved in space operations as much as we are, and they have a vested interest in it," he said. "We have to be very deliberate with how we conduct space operations and take those countries into consideration as we conduct operations."


The 117th Space Battalion — one of two space battalions in the Army — was stood up in 2007, the same year China shocked the world when it fired a missile into space and blew up one of its own satellites.

When an Army space team deploys, it is assigned to a division headquarters. One of its responsibilities is to educate the infantry battalion, the heavy weapons company, and some of the other companies about the space domain and the assets that the military has available in space, said Korb. The division staff has to understand "what they have access to and how to best utilize that."

Over time, "everyone is starting to really grasp that the space domain is something that we have to be proficient in," said Korb.

He noted that Army divisions deploy with Air Force liaison officers to make sure commanders can get access to additional satellite capacity if needed. The Air Force operates 77 satellites in support of the military.

With the growth in commercial remote sensing services, the Army increasingly is buying imagery online from private companies, said Fauskee. In overseas deployments when the Army works with host nations and other non-U.S. allies, the preference is to use unclassified commercial imagery. The U.S. military also relies on host nations for satellite communications bandwidth.

Fauskee said space services from the private sector are comparable those provided by government-owned satellites. "Typically we don't really see a difference in response time or quality of product."

What about the Space Force?

Several reporters pressed Korb and Fauskee for insights into how soldiers really feel about the possibility of being moved to a different service if the Space Force does come to fruition.

A Colorado National Guard spokesman insisted that this was an issue they were not there to discuss.

Korb however reminded reporters that soldiers follow orders. "If the Commander in Chief and the Secretary of Defense decided that the Space Force is the right direction for this country to go, they'll come down and tell us what our role is and we'll execute that role."

Would their jobs change? It's too early to speculate, said Korb. "Quite honestly I really don't know because I don't even think they've come to a point of determining what the Space Force would look like." That said, "I can't imagine [our jobs] changing incredibly too much, because it's about the space-enabled systems that are there and that's the job that we currently do."

Without knowing what the command structure of a Space Force might be, Korb said, "I can't say how we would fit into that or not. But what we do is definitely not going to go away."
https://www.space.com/41745-army-soldiers-space-wars-front-lines.html
 
The Chinese side has commented on Monday's statement by Russian space corporation Roscosmos Dmitry Rogozin, saying that Russia was prepared to supply rocket engines to China.

Russia will strengthen cooperation with China by supplying its rocket engines to the Asian country, Hu Bin, counselor of the Department of Treaty and Law at China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, told Sputnik on Tuesday.

"I think it is a good idea, because that idea can be put into the framework of cooperation on space exploration," Hu said on the sidelines of the first UN Conference on Space Law and Policy.

Hu stated that cooperation between Russia and China must be extended into aspects concerning space.

"China and Russia are very good friends, and all cooperation, bilateral cooperation should extend to space. We take it as a very good initiative," Hu said.

The official added that space cooperation between Russia and China could comprise research and engineering.

"Another frontier is bilateral cooperation on engineering aspects, for example, rocket engines, as you mentioned, and research ... not only on scientific and technical issues, but on legal issues as well," Hu said.

US Participation in Multilateral Space Arms Control Treaty

The official went on speaking about the US participation in a multilateral treaty on space arms control.

"Of course the United States should be in [the treaty], it would be better if the United States is in because the United States is a very powerful space-faring country. We need US participation, that is why China tries to accommodate the concerns [of other countries]," Hu said on the sidelines of the first UN Conference on Space Law and Policy, asked whether such an agreement would be effective without US participation.

Hu added that in order to persuade the United States to join the treaty, it would be necessary to discuss a common interest. According to the Chinese official, even if the United States refuses to join the initiative, other countries will still have an international legal framework to regulate the use of arms in space.

"In the worst case scenario, if the United States insists on non-participation, I think the rest of international society do have the possibility to have a legal instrument to save the environment of space," Hu said.

On August 28, the Chinese Foreign Ministry called for the adoption of a multilateral agreement for the control over arms in space to ensure peace and security. The call came after Washington revealed plans to reassert "leadership in space" by ensuring US military supremacy with a Space Force as a separate branch of the military.
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/S...t_engines_to_China_will_benefit_ties_999.html
 
Today, it’s Tesla Roadsters; tomorrow, space lasers? SpaceX’s president and CEO says the firm would consider launching weapons into orbit for the U.S. government, if asked. “If it’s for the defense of this country, yes, I think we would,” Gwynne Shotwell said, in response to a question about SpaceX’s willingness to launch “offensive weapons” into space for the United States.

She made her remarks at the Air Force Association’s annual conference. The crowd broke into applause.

The Defense Department is looking hard at new technologies, some just in their infancy, that could help spot missiles from Russia, China, and North Korea. It is also exploring the idea of orbiting directed-energy weapons, such as neutral-particle beam ray guns or space lasers, to shoot down incoming missiles.
https://www.defenseone.com/technolo...g-space-weapons-if-asked/151328/?oref=d-river

Standing up the Pentagon’s new Space Force will cost nearly $13 billion over five years, according to U.S. Air Force estimates, Defense One has learned.

That estimate is included in a Sept. 14 memo from Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson to Deputy Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan. In the 16-page memo, Wilson lays out her own plan for standing up the new branch of the U.S. military championed by President Trump. She also pushes back on various aspects of Shanahan’s Space Force plan.

In particular, Wilson argues against the proposal to create a Space Development Agency to oversee satellite acquisition and to establish a new top-level position in the Office of the Secretary of Defense.

“[T]here is no need to establish an Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space, nor is there any benefit to either establishing an additive agency or moving programs to a temporary holding organization,” she wrote.
https://www.defenseone.com/politics...ears-air-force-secretary/151312/?oref=d-river

The memo also says the Air Force estimates that creating Space Force will cost more than $3 billion in its first year and an additional $10 billion over the four following years. The Air Force estimates the Space Force would total about 13,000 people.
 
The United States will work with Russia to maintain cooperation in space programs and keep joint exploration efforts separate from terrestrial tensions between Washington and Moscow, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstein told guests at the Space Business Roundtable on Monday.

"We've been able to make sure that space is set apart from all of these sometimes terrestrial challenges we have with our international partners, especially Russia," Bridenstein said. "So it is my intent to keep that relationship strong."

Bridenstein explained that Russian space agency Roscosmos chief Dimitry Rogozin expressed a similar viewpoint in a recent telephone conversation.

A crack in US-Russian space cooperation surfaced over the weekend when Rogozin expressed reluctance to join the US-sponsored effort to establish an orbiting lunar space station as the program is currently envisioned.

Rogozin on Saturday said that Russia may create its own manned platform to orbit the Moon as a result.
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/U...s_continued_insulation_from_politics_999.html

Chinese scientists have appealed to further strengthen international cooperation in space exploration, aiming to reduce the risk of near-Earth objects.

Compared to global issues like food security, energy shortage, climate change, cyber attacks and environmental pollution caused by human activities, more serious threats to our globe may come from space, said Chen Jiansheng, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a senior astronomer, at a conference promoting science literacy.

There are more than 18,000 near-Earth asteroids - around 800 have a diameter greater than 1 km. Researchers have discovered 180 giant impact craters on our planet, which exhibit the formidable power that a small celestial object could generate when hitting the Earth.

Evidence found in the strata in Kamba County, southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, showed that Earth suffered a major asteroid impact about 65 million years ago, which might have led to the extinction of dinosaurs.

Ouyang Ziyuan, a CAS academician and first chief scientist of China's lunar probe project, also believes that the danger from small celestial objects "is worth attention while we are devoted to building a community with a shared future for humanity."

"Scientists around the world should cooperate to monitor near-Earth asteroids," said Ouyang, noting that modern space technologies are capable of defending Earth from their threat.

"We can land a propeller on a potentially hazardous asteroid and with a very small force, push it away from the orbit that crosses Earth's path," Ouyang said.
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/C..._cooperation_against_asteroid_threat_999.html
 
Raytheon has delivered the first Space Enabled Effects for Military Engagements satellite to DARPA.

The SeeMe satellite system will provide situational awareness for ground troops. It is designed as a series of small satellites operating in a constellation to give surveillance abilities to squad-level infantry.

The first satellite is expected to be launched on a SpaceX rocket later this year and will be evaluated by military users during missions early next year.

"Ground troops can't always get immediate access to the larger, military and commercial satellites," Dr. Thomas Bussing, Raytheon Advanced Missile Systems vice president, said in a press release.

These smaller SeeMe satellites, produced on Raytheon's missile production lines, will be dedicated to soldiers, providing them with real-time images from space when they're needed most," Bussing said.

DARPA's SeeMe program is meant to give mobile U.S. soldiers access to space-based tactical information in beyond line-of-sight situations.

SeeMe will provide small units and teams the ability to receive time-sensitive imagery of overseas locations from small satellites with the press of a button. This capability is not possible from current satellites, according to Raytheon.

The program is meant to integrate with current hand-held devices used by the military for navigation and targeting. It can also be used for unmanned aerial vehicle piloting in a automated fashion.

The system may also assist the DARPA Airborne Launch Assist Program, which is designed to launch small satellite payloads in the 100 pound range.
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/R...system_to_help_situational_awareness_999.html
 
In June, the US President ordered the country's Department of Defense to "immediately begin the process necessary to establish a Space Force as the sixth branch of the armed forces."

Speaking at a "Make America Great Again" rally in Kentucky, US President Donald Trump admitted that Washington is lagging behind Moscow and Beijing in the creation of space forces.

"Russia has already started, China has already started. They've got a start, but we have the greatest people in the world, we make the greatest equipment in the world, we make the greatest rockets, and missiles, and tanks, and ships in the world," Trump underscored.

In early August, Vice President Mike Pence detailed the creation of America's new Space Force, which is expected to become the sixth branch of the US Military and help ensure "American dominance in space" by the year 2020.

He added that China is creating its People's Liberation Army (PLA) Strategic Support Force, which is charged with developing and maintaining the PLA's space capabilities, prompting the US to respond in kind.

Shortly after Trump announced the creation of the US Space Force in June, Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson issued a memo to airmen in which she cautioned that the process of establishing a new military branch will take time and that it could cost at least 13 billion dollars to turn the Space Force into a reality.

The Russian Space Forces are a subdivision of the Russian Aerospace Forces, charged with ensuring Russia's air sovereignty, promoting aerospace early warning and operating the country's military satellites, including the GLONASS navigation system.
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/US_lags_behind_Russia_China_on_Space_Force_says_Trump_999.html
 
The U.S. Space Force will include uniformed service members drawn from the Air Force, Navy and Army — but it is not expected to include the National Reconnaissance Office mission, according an internal draft of the Pentagon’s plan to create a sixth branch of the military.

Defense One reviewed a copy of the 13-page document, which will be further developed in coming months before the Pentagon sends it to Congress in February along with its 2020 budget request. This early draft provides a glimpse into a 21st-century approach to creating a new service branch, an endeavor not undertaken since 1947. Among other things, it reveals divergent views among senior Pentagon officials about how to structure it.
https://www.defenseone.com/politics...ons-initial-plan-creating-space-force/152203/
 
couldoumuamu.jpg


On October 19th, 2017, the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System-1 (Pan-STARRS-1) in Hawaii announced the first-ever detection of an interstellar asteroid, named 1I/2017 U1 (aka, "Oumuamua). In the months that followed, multiple follow-up observations were conducted that allowed astronomers to get a better idea of its size and shape, while also revealing that it had the characteristics of both a comet and an asteroid.

Interestingly enough, there has also been some speculation that based on its shape, 'Oumuamua might actually be an interstellar spacecraft (Breakthrough Listen even monitored it for signs of radio signals!). A new study by a pair of astronomers from the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) has taken it a step further, suggesting that 'Oumuamua may actually be a light sail of extra-terrestrial origin.

The study – "Could Solar Radiation Pressure Explain "Oumuamua's Peculiar Acceleration?," which recently appeared online – was conducted by Shmuel Bialy and Prof. Abraham Loeb. Whereas Bialy is a postdoctoral researcher at the CfA's Institute for Theory and Computation (ITC), Prof. Loeb is the director of the ITC, the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University, and the head chair of the Breakthrough Starshot Advisory Committee.
Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2018-11-oumuamua-extraterrestrial-solar.html#jCp

Fyysikkojen mielestä Oumuamua on jotakin muuta kuin tavallinen luontokappale. He esittävät tässä pitkässä artikkelissa selitykseksi ETn Light Sail eli Valopurjeen.

Hakkeriryhmä Anonymous on myös julkaissut pitkän sarjan videoita youtube kanavalla liittyen ET aiheeseen. Tämän vuoden sisällä AATIPsta on kohistu, mutta sen sijaan että he olisivat julkaiseet enemmän materiaalia, koko homma on kuivunut kasaan melkein kokonaan. Mutta julkisuudelta hieman varjossa jenkkien kongressi on käynnistänyt tutkimukset ko aiheeseen joko sen vaimentaakseen taikka sitten sen ulos tuomiseksi.

Konflikti lähiavaruudessa ei näytä hirveän ajankohtaiselta, ja olen jättänyt tutkimasta melko useasti, mutta kuitenkin trumpin avaruusjoukot on tulossa ja niiden myötä sen konfliktin uhka kasvaa.
 
Konflikti lähiavaruudessa ei näytä hirveän ajankohtaiselta, ja olen jättänyt tutkimasta melko useasti, mutta kuitenkin trumpin avaruusjoukot on tulossa ja niiden myötä sen konfliktin uhka kasvaa.

Miksi? Avaruustoiminta on ollut alusta lähtien sotilaallista.
 
Koska olen mennyt eteenpäin YKn mandaatin mukaan, joka määrittää avaruuden DMZksi.

Sotilaallista toimintaa avaruudessa on ollut alusta asti ja on yhä enenevässä määrin. Aseita ei myöskään ole avaruudesta kielletty, tosin tarpeen tullen sellaisilla kielloilla pyyhitään takapuolta muutenkin.
 
Sotilaallista toimintaa avaruudessa on ollut alusta asti ja on yhä enenevässä määrin. Aseita ei myöskään ole avaruudesta kielletty, tosin tarpeen tullen sellaisilla kielloilla pyyhitään takapuolta muutenkin.

Jeps, jopa Vostok-ohjelma oli itse asiassa kuvaussatelliitin versio, jossa kameran ja optiikan tilalle laitettiinkin kuormaksi ihminen, Uusi piirre tässä baletissa on siviili- ja sotiassektorin erojen hämärtyminen kun kaupallisilta toimijoilta alkaa saamaan kelpo taktista dataa.
 
No onhan sitä militarimenoa ollut kun innokkaana seurasin sukkulalaukaisuja ja vasta myöhemmin ohjelman päätyttyä sain tietää,että nämä julkiset sukkulan laukaisut oli vain jäävuoren huippu. Nasa ei olisi pystynyt sukkulaa rakentamaan ilman armeijan apua ja siksi siihen tuli niin iso lastiruuma. Nasan sukkulat veivät kymmenen vuotta armeijan tavaraa kieroradalle ilman mediaspektaakkelia lähdössä.
 
No onhan sitä militarimenoa ollut kun innokkaana seurasin sukkulalaukaisuja ja vasta myöhemmin ohjelman päätyttyä sain tietää,että nämä julkiset sukkulan laukaisut oli vain jäävuoren huippu. Nasa ei olisi pystynyt sukkulaa rakentamaan ilman armeijan apua ja siksi siihen tuli niin iso lastiruuma. Nasan sukkulat veivät kymmenen vuotta armeijan tavaraa kieroradalle ilman mediaspektaakkelia lähdössä.
Ei noita kovin paljoa ollu. 135 lentoa yhteensä joista salaisia oli 11 tai pitäisikö sanoa ennemmin "salainen rahti". Itse lentoja ei kovin suuri salaisuus ole voinut olla.

Classified Shuttle Missions: Secrets in Space

https://www.google.fi/amp/s/amp.space.com/34522-secret-shuttle-missions.html

STS-4 Columbia (Launched June 27, 1982)
The classified payload was known as Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrument for Shuttle (CIRRIS), which was supposed to test infrared sensors for a future surveillance satellite called Teal Ruby, according to America Space. The lens cap on CIRRIS failed to open, and the experiment failed. America Space added that Teal Ruby ended up being cancelled after the Challenger incident, which delayed shuttle flights by several years.
"Teal Ruby was first shifted onto STS-39 and finally cancelled," the publication said. "By the time STS-39 lifted off in April 1991, it carried not Teal Ruby … but an updated version of CIRRIS. Apparently, by the time it would have been ready to launch, the Teal Ruby technology — considered 'advanced' in the late 1970s — would be virtually obsolete, because sensor technology was advancing rapidly."
STS-51C Discovery (Launched Jan. 24, 1985)
Little is known about STS-51C's payload officially besides this terse line on the NASA website: "The U.S. Air Force Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) booster was deployed and met the mission objectives."
Multiple sources suggest that the satellite deployed was called Magnum/ORION ELINT, a signals intelligence program about which little is known. Before launch, no pre-flight commentary was available until nine minutes before liftoff — a first in the shuttle program.
STS-51J Atlantis (Launched Oct. 3, 1985)
Two Defense Satellite Communications System satellites were released on this mission, according to NASA. The system is intended to support secure data and voice transmissions for military users from across the globe.
STS-62A Discovery (Cancelled)
This mission was supposed to be the first one using the Air Force pad in Vandenberg, Calif., but it was cancelled after the Challenger explosion. Its main mission was to put Teal Ruby into orbit, according to NASASpaceflight.com.
STS-27 Atlantis (Launched Dec. 2, 1988)
It's probable that the crew released a satellite called ONYX, which had radar on board capable of observing targets on the ground through any kind of weather or cloud cover. According to Air&Space Magazine, one of the satellite's antenna dishes did not open and the crew possibly — although it's not confirmed officially — did a spacewalk to fix the issue.
STS-28 Columbia (Launched Aug. 8, 1989)
Air&Space Magazine reports that STS-28 hauled the Satellite Data System spacecraft into orbit; SDS was supposed to relay imagery from other military satellites. The magazine got confirmation on this from an Air Force officer, who was not named in the story.
STS-33 Discovery (Launched Nov. 22, 1989)
NASA's website simply says this was a Department of Defense mission. The payload has not been confirmed.
STS-36 Atlantis (Launched Feb. 28, 1990)
There are many theories as to what STS-36 carried, but nothing has been officially confirmed. The shuttle's ground track took it as high as 62 degrees, which is a record for the shuttle program.
STS-38 Atlantis (Launched Nov. 15, 1990)
NASA's website only says that this was a Department of Defense mission. No confirmed information about the payload is available.

STS-39 Discovery (Launched April 28, 1991)
The Air Force partially declassified this mission before launch. The unclassified payload was known as Air Force Program-675 (AFP-675), which was an updated version of CIRRIS. According to NASA, the classified payload "consisted of Multi-Purpose Release Canister (MPEC)," but no further information appears to be available.
STS-53 Discovery (Launched Dec. 2, 1992)
The main payload for this mission remains classified, with little information about what it could be.
 
Yhdysvaltojen puolustusministeriön mukaan Venäjä ja Kiina pyrkivät haastamaan Yhdysvaltojen asemaa avaruudessa kehittämällä aseita, joilla voi häiritä ja tuhota Yhdysvaltojen satelliitteja. Maanantaina julkaistusta Pentagonin raportista (siirryt toiseen palveluun)uutisoi muun muassa CNN (siirryt toiseen palveluun).

Yhdysvaltojen satelliiteilla on keskeinen rooli muun muassa navigoinnissa, aseiden ohjaamisessa ja tiedustelutiedon keräämisessä. Satelliitit keräävät myös tietoa vieraiden valtioiden ohjusten laukaisemisesta.

Presidentti Donald Trumpin hallinto on korostanut satelliittien turvaamista ja niiden kehittämistä maan puolustuspolitiikassa.

Pentagonin raportti selvittää Venäjän, Kiinan, Iranin ja Pohjois-Korean toimintaa avaruudessa.
– Etenkin Kiina ja Venäjä kehittävät useita tapoja hyödyntää Yhdysvaltojen oletettua riippuvuutta avaruuspohjaisista järjestelmistä ja haastavat Yhdysvaltojen asemaa avaruudessa, raportti kertoo.
Raportin mukaan Kiina ja Venäjä kehittävät todennäköisesti laseraseita, joilla voidaan häiritä tai vahingoittaa satelliitteja ja niiden sensoreita.
https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10641970
 
In a memorandum released Monday night, the US Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General informed Air Force leadership that it will evaluate the military's certification of SpaceX's Falcon Heavy for national security missions.

"We plan to begin the subject evaluation in February 2019," the memorandum states. "Our objective is to determine whether the US Air Force complied with the Launch Services New Entrant Certification Guide when certifying the launch system design for the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle-class SpaceX Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles."
https://arstechnica.com/science/201...-decision-to-certify-the-falcon-heavy-rocket/
 
A new arms race is unfolding among spacefaring nations. Space experts have been telling us about contested space for the last several years. Today, there are about 1,300 active satellites in a crowded nest of Earth orbits. They provide worldwide communications, GPS navigation, weather forecasting and planetary surveillance.

Military organizations rely on many of these satellites in support of modern warfare. The three main contenders are the U.S., China and Russia. The ongoing power struggle may ignite a conflict that could cripple the entire space-based infrastructure while reducing the capabilities of warfighter organizations.

There are several ways to disable, destroy or reduce effectiveness of satellites. One obvious way is to attack them with anti-satellite devices. Another is to simply approach a satellite and spray paint over its optics.

Other ways include manually snapping off communications antennas and destabilizing orbits. Lasers can temporarily or permanently disable satellite components. Ground station interference using radio or microwave emissions can jam or hijack transmissions to or from ground controllers.

The concept of war in space is not new. The prospect of Soviet nuclear weapons launched from orbit in the 1950s motivated the U.S. to began testing anti-satellite weaponry. Fortunately, orbiting weapons of mass destruction were banned through the UN Outer Space Treaty of 1967.
Consequently, space-based surveillance became a major component of the Cold War that served as an early-warning system for the deployment or launch of ground-based nuclear weapons.
Throughout most of the Cold War, the U.S.S.R. developed and tested "space mines" which could self-detonate in order to destroy U.S. spy satellites.

The militarization of space issue peaked again when President Reagan initiated the Strategic Defense Initiative to develop orbital countermeasures against Soviet ballistic missiles. In 1985, the USAF staged a demonstration when an F-15 fighter jet launched a missile that took out a failing U.S. satellite in low orbit.

Today, the situation is much more complicated. Low- and high-Earth orbits have become hotbeds of scientific and commercial activity, filled with hundreds of satellites from about 60 different nations. Despite their largely peaceful purposes each satellite is at risk because a few military space powers insist on continued development and test of new space weapons.
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Offensive_War_in_Space_999.html
 
Back
Top