Kysymys- ja vastaustopiikki

[Bodyguard]

Liberty-laivat koottiin hitsaamalla eri tehtaissa tuotetut esivalmistetut lohkot telakalla yhteen. Menetelmä on muokattuna edelleen käytössä, mm. risteilyalksia rakennetaan Suomessa lohkoista ja hyttimoduuleista. Strategiana oli tuottaa standardistoituja rahtilaivoja nopeammin, kuin U-veneet kykenivät niitä upottamaan ja näin turvata materiaalin virta Britanniaan. Liberty-aluksia käytettiin luonnollisesti kaikilla merinäyttämöillä ja sodan jälkeen niitä ostettiin jokunen myös Suomeen.

Juurikin näin. Liberty-luokan rahtilaivat olivat ensimmäiset laivat, jotka rakennettiin lohkoista. Ei ihan samassa määrin kuin nykyään, mutta periaate oli sama. Lisäksi niitä rakentamassa oli koko joukko naisia, joita ei ennen niitä juurikaan telakoilla näkynyt. Hitsaamalla rakennetut laivat valmistuivat nopeammin kuin perinteisesti niittaamalla tehdyt. Britit epäilivätkin monissa Liberty aluksissa syntyneiden murtumien johtuneen juurikin tuosta hitasauksesta ( hitsisauma ei pysäytä murtumaa toisin kuin niitattu rakenne ). Tosiasiassa nuo murtumat syntyivät todennäköisesti ennemminkin aluksissa käytetystä heikkolaatuisesta teräksestä. Halvalla ja nopeassti oli periaate ja noita aluksia valmistuikin parhaimmillaan jopa muutamassa kymmenessä päivässä.
Mm. Aristoteles Onassis osti sodan jälkeen muutamia Liberty aluksia...

Nyt on kaksi henkilöä, jotka tiesivät, Ikarus tuon laivatyypin ja Samovarius taas tuon lohko-/modulirakentamisen. Nopeampi heistä jatkakoon.

 

[Ikarus]

Kuka on kuvan vasemmassa laidassa monokkeli silmällään saksalaisessa asepuvussa seisoskeleva herrasmies ja miten hän liityy Suomen Ilmavoimien historiaan?

 

[tulikomento]

Kuka on kuvan vasemmassa laidassa monokkeli silmällään saksalaisessa asepuvussa seisoskeleva herrasmies ja miten hän liityy Suomen Ilmavoimien historiaan?

Kapteeni Carl Seber. Suomalaisten antama lempinimi tälle oli muistaakseni "Monokkeli-Kalle." Käytännössä toimi ilmavoimien komentajana muutaman kuukauden 1918. Keskellä kuvassa Väinö Mikkola. Kuva taitanee olla Sortavalasta keväältä 18.

 

[Ikarus]

Kapteeni Carl Seber. Suomalaisten antama lempinimi tälle oli muistaakseni "Monokkeli-Kalle." Käytännössä toimi ilmavoimien komentajana muutaman kuukauden 1918. Keskellä kuvassa Väinö Mikkola. Kuva taitanee olla Sortavalasta keväältä 18.

Suomen Ilmailuvoimien 1. komentaja Seber. Kuva Sortavalasta 22.11-18, Seber tarkastamassa Lento-osasto I:tä. Mikkola on keskellä, kuten totesit, vänr. Rafael Hallamaa oikeassa reunassa.

@tulikomento jatkaa.

 

[tulikomento]

Eipä ole kyssäriä valmiina, joten nopein jatkakoon.

 

[Fremen]

Miten 5 Oscaria voittanut elokuva Ranskalaisen luutnantin nainen (1981) liittyy toiseen maailmansotaan?

 

[StepanRudanskij]

Miten 5 Oscaria voittanut elokuva Ranskalaisen luutnantin nainen (1981) liittyy toiseen maailmansotaan?

Varmaan yhteyksiä löytyy useita. Mitä sitten haet?
Elokuvan perustana olevan kirjan kirjoittajasta tuli Englannin merijalkaväen sotilas samana päivänä kuin Saksa antautui.

 

[Fremen]

Aha. Ok olipa taas loyhasti muotoiltu kysymys... tarkennan: ilman yhden lontoolaisen osakemeklarin aktiivista altruismia Kristallnachtista toisen maailmansodan ensimmaiseen paivaan saakka 01.09.1939, kyseista elokuvaa ei nykymuodossan olisi olemassa.

 

[John Hilly]

Elokuvan ohjaaja Karel Reisz oli juutalainen pakolainen, joka kuului Nicholas Wintonin pelastamiin 669 pakolaiseen. Tullessaan Englantiin 1938 hän ei puhunut englantia juuri ollenkaan, mutta pääsi vieraasta aksentista hyvin nopeasti. Hänen isänsä oli juristi. Hänen Tšekkoslovakiaan jääneet vanhempansa kuolivat Auschwitzissa.

 

[Fremen]

Elokuvan ohjaaja Karel Reisz oli juutalainen pakolainen, joka kuului Nicholas Wintonin pelastamiin 669 pakolaiseen. Tullessaan Englantiin 1938 hän ei puhunut englantia juuri ollenkaan, mutta pääsi vieraasta aksentista hyvin nopeasti. Hänen isänsä oli juristi. Hänen Tšekkoslovakiaan jääneet vanhempansa kuolivat Auschwitzissa.

Aivan oikein, sorry pieni viivastys. Eli brittilainen siviili Nicholas Winton otti asiakseen pelastaa lapsia lahinna Prahan rautatieaseman kautta. Traagisesti kuljetukset loppuivat 01.09.1939. Asemalla junaan lastatuista 250:sta nimelta listatusta lapsesta yksikaan ei paassyt perille rannikon vapaisiin satamiin, eika yksikaan heista selvinnyt hengissa Natsien Holokaustista.

The Story

In December 1938, Nicholas Winton, a 29-year-old London stockbroker, was about to leave for a skiing holiday in Switzerland, when he received a phone call from his friend Martin Blake asking him to cancel his holiday and immediately come to Prague: "I have a most interesting assignment and I need your help. Don't bother bringing your skis." When Winton arrived, he was asked to help in the camps, in which thousands of refugees were living in appalling conditions.


MUNICH AGREEMENT
The Munich Conference was held September 29-30, 1938, following Hitler's demand to annex the Sudetenland, a region in Czechoslovakia populated largely by ethnic Germans. The resulting crisis led Britain and France, who had adopted a policy of appeasement, to pressure Czechoslovakia to accede to Hitler's demands. No Czech representative was present at the conference, and the agreement led to the destruction of the Czech state. Following the conference, Winston Churchill warned: "Do not suppose that this is the end. This is only the beginning of the reckoning."

In October 1938, after the ill-fated Munich Agreement between Germany and the Western European powers, the Nazis annexed a large part of western Czechoslovakia, the Sudetenland. Winton was convinced that the German occupation of the rest of the country would soon follow. To him and many others, the outbreak of war seemed inevitable. The news of Kristallnacht, the bloody pogrom(violent attack) against German and Austrian Jews on the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938, had reached Prague. Winton decided to take steps.

"I found out that the children of refugees and other groups of people who were enemies of Hitler weren't being looked after. I decided to try to get permits to Britain for them. I found out that the conditions which were laid down for bringing in a child were chiefly that you had a family that was willing and able to look after the child, and £50, which was quite a large sum of money in those days, that was to be deposited at the Home Office. The situation was heartbreaking. Many of the refugees hadn't the price of a meal. Some of the mothers tried desperately to get money to buy food for themselves and their children. The parents desperately wanted at least to get their children to safety when they couldn't manage to get visas for the whole family. I began to realize what suffering there is when armies start to march."
In terms of his mission, Winton was not thinking in small numbers, but of thousands of children. He was ready to start a mass evacuation.

"Everybody in Prague said, 'Look, there is no organization in Prague to deal with refugee children, nobody will let the children go on their own, but if you want to have a go, have a go.' And I think there is nothing that can't be done if it is fundamentally reasonable."

OPERATION KINDERTRANSPORT
On December 2, 1938, Jewish and Christian agencies began rescuing German and Austrian Jewish children onKindertransporten (children's transports). The "Refugee Children's Movement," a group under the auspices of the Central British Fund for German Jewry or CBF (which later became the World Jewish Relief organization), urged concerned Christians and Jews to support "OperationKindertransport." An extensive fund-raising effort was organized and the British public responded generously, raising half a million British pounds in six months. A large portion of this money was used to care for the children who were rescued. Between December 1938 and May 1940, almost 10,000 children (infants to teenagers) were rescued and given shelter at farms, hostels, camps, and in private homes in Britain. However, this effort did not include the children of Czechoslovakia; and this is why the work of Nicholas Winton was so vital.

Independently of Operation Kindertransport (see sidebar), Nicholas Winton set up his own rescue operation. At first, Winton's office was a dining room table at his hotel in Wenceslas Square in Prague. Anxious parents, who gradually came to understand the danger they and their children were in, came to Winton and placed the future of their children into his hands. Soon, an office was set up on Vorsilska Street, under the charge of Trevor Chadwick. Thousands of parents heard about this unique endeavor and hundreds of them lined up in front of the new office, drawing the attention of theGestapo. Winton's office distributed questionnaires and registered the children. Winton appointed Trevor Chadwick and Bill Barazetti to look after the Prague end when he returned to England. Many further requests for help came from Slovakia, a region east of Prague.

Winton contacted the governments of nations he thought could take in the children. Only Sweden and his own government said yes. Great Britain promised to accept children under the age of 18 as long as he found homes and guarantors who could deposit £50 for each child to pay for their return home.

Because he wanted to save the lives of as many of the endangered children as possible, Winton returned to London and planned the transport of children to Great Britain. He worked at his regular job on the Stock Exchange by day, and then devoted late afternoons and evenings to his rescue efforts, often working far into the night. He made up an organization, calling it "The British Committee for Refugees from Czechoslovakia, Children's Section." The committee consisted of himself, his mother, his secretary and a few volunteers.

Winton had to find funds to use for repatriation costs, and a foster home for each child. He also had to raise money to pay for the transports when the children's parents could not cover the costs. He advertised in British newspapers, and in churches and synagogues. He printed groups of children's photographs all over Britain. He felt certain that seeing the children's photos would convince potential sponsors and foster families to offer assistance. Finding sponsors was only one of the endless problems in obtaining the necessary documents from German and British authorities.

"Officials at the Home Office worked very slowly with the entry visas. We went to them urgently asking for permits, only to be told languidly, 'Why rush, old boy? Nothing will happen in Europe.' This was a few months before the war broke out. So we forged the Home Office entry permits."
On March 14, 1939, Winton had his first success: the first transport of children left Prague for Britain by airplane. Winton managed to organize seven more transports that departed from Prague's Wilson Railway Station. The groups then crossed the English Channel by boat and finally ended their journey at London's Liverpool Street station. At the station, British foster parents waited to collect their charges. Winton, who organized their rescue, was set on matching the right child to the right foster parents.

The last trainload of children left on August 2, 1939, bringing the total of rescued children to 669. It is impossible to imagine the emotions of parents sending their children to safety, knowing they may never be reunited, and impossible to imagine the fears of the children leaving the lives they knew and their loved ones for the unknown.

On September 1, 1939 the biggest transport of children was to take place, but on that day Hitler invaded Poland, and all borders controlled by Germany were closed. This put an end to Winton's rescue efforts. Winton has said many times that the vision that haunts him most to this day is the picture of hundreds of children waiting eagerly at Wilson Station in Prague for that last aborted transport.



"Within hours of the announcement, the train disappeared. None of the 250 children aboard was seen again. We had 250 families waiting at Liverpool Street that day in vain. If the train had been a day earlier, it would have come through. Not a single one of those children was heard of again, which is an awful feeling."
The significance of Winton's mission is verified by the fate of that last trainload of children. Moreover, most of the parents and siblings of the children Winton saved perished in the Holocaust.

After the war, Nicholas Winton didn't tell anyone, not even his wife Grete about his wartime rescue efforts. In 1988, a half century later, Grete found a scrapbook from 1939 in their attic, with all the children's photos, a complete list of names, a few letters from parents of the children to Winton and other documents. She finally learned the whole story. Today the scrapbooks and other papers are held at Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, in Israel.

Grete shared the story with Dr. Elisabeth Maxwell, a Holocaust historian and the wife of newspaper magnate Robert Maxwell. Robert Maxwell arranged for his newspaper to publish articles on Winton's amazing deeds. Winton's extraordinary story led to his appearance on Esther Rantzen's BBC television program, That's Life. In the studio, emotions ran high as Winton's "children" introduced themselves and expressed their gratitude to him for saving their lives. Because the program was aired nationwide, many of the rescued children also wrote to him and thanked him. Letters came from all over the world, and new faces still appear at his door, introducing themselves by names that match the documents from 1939.

The rescued children, many now grandparents, still refer to themselves as "Winton's children." Among those saved are the British film director Karel Reisz (The French Lieutenant's Woman, Isadora, and Sweet Dreams), Canadian journalist and news correspondent for CBC, Joe Schlesinger (originally from Slovakia), Lord Alfred Dubs (a former Minister in the Blair Cabinet), Lady Milena Grenfell-Baines (a patron of the arts whose father, Rudolf Fleischmann, saved Thomas Mann from the Nazis), Dagmar Símová (a cousin of the former U.S. Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright), Tom Schrecker, (a Reader's Digestmanager), Hugo Marom (a famous aviation consultant, and one of the founders of the Israeli Air Force), and Vera Gissing (author of Pearls of Childhood) and coauthor of Nicholas Winton and the Rescued Generation.

Winton has received many acknowledgements for his humanitarian pre-war deeds. He received a letter of thanks from the late Ezer Weizman, a former president of the State of Israel. He was made an Honorary Citizen of Prague. In 1993, Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II, awarded him the MBE (Member of the British Empire), and on October 28, 1998, Václav Havel, then president of the Czech Republic, awarded him the Order of T.G. Masaryk at Hradcany Castle for his heroic achievement. On December 31, 2002, Winton received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II for his services to humanity. Winton's story is also the subject of two films by Czech filmmaker Matej Mináč: All My Loved Ones and the award-winning Nicholas Winton: The Power of Good.

Today, Sir Nicholas Winton, age 97, resides at his home in Maidenhead, Great Britain. He still wears a ring given to him by some of the children he saved. It is inscribed with a line from the Talmud, the book of Jewish law. It reads:

"Save one life, save the world."


http://www.powerofgood.net/story.php

Eli veli @John Hilly jatkaa, ole hyva.

 

[Old Boy]

Kysymysosasto on ollut hiljaiselossa niin kauan, että 72 h karenssiaika on täyttynyt. Käytän siten tilaisuuden hyödyntää kysymysvuoro, josta taannoin piti matkan johdosta luopua.
Eli mitä kuvat esittävät:

 

[Samovarius]

Kovasti rakenne toisi mieleen IT-tornin, Flakturmin.

 

[Old Boy]

Kovasti rakenne toisi mieleen IT-tornin, Flakturmin

Sellainenhan se onkin, mutta vielä pitäisi tunnistaa missä?

 

[jormas2000]

Nurmijärven Rajamäki?

 

[Ottoville]

Rajamäen iltatorjuntatornit
http://esoteerinenmaantiede.blogspot.fi/2009/12/industriaalis-romanttinen-talvipaiva.html

 

[Old Boy]

Rajamäen it-tornit eli Suomen omat Flakturmit olivat kuvassa. Näitä rakennettiin ainakin Saksan ilmapuolustuksen tarpeisiin Berliiniin, Hampuriin ja Wieniin, toki olivat paljon isompia.
Varsin huonosti tunnettu sotahistoriallinen kohde; itekin löysin yllälinkitetystä blogista. Nurmijärven kunta ei ole katsonut matkailunähtävyydeksi vaan ovet on lukossa eikä viitoituksesta ja opastauluista
ole tietoakaan.

Rajamäken Alkon (nyk Altia) tehtaat olivat tavallaan sotatarvikevalmistuksessa sillä siellä tehtiin polttopullojen sprii. Talvisodan aikana oli siksi pari pommitusta. Välirauhan aikana eräät tehtaat sekä isot
kaupungin hankkivat omalla rahoituksellaan it-aseita, mm Helsinki. Alkon kassavirta antoi myös tähän hyvät mahdollisuudet, joten se osti 4 kpl Bofors 40 mm:n tykkejä. Niitä varten rakennettiin kaksi
betonitornia, jotka ulottuivat puiden latvojen yläpuolelle.

Investointi meni hukkaan sillä Jatkosodassa ei sisämaassa esiintynyt ilmatoimintaa. Tykit siirrettiin jonkin aikaa sodan alusta muualle. Alunperinkään niistä ei olisi ollut hyötyä, sillä 40 mm tykit soveltuvat
ainoastaan matalatorjuntaan. Rajamäelle asti lentämään kykenevät pommikoneet pudottavat lastinsa korkealta, joten olisi tarvittu raskas it-patteri. Alkon kassalla sellaisenkaan ostaminen ei olisi olut
ongelma, mutta ei varmaan ollut 1940-41 saatavissa.

Oikean paikan tiennyt @jormas2000 jatkaa.

 

[jormas2000]

Luovutan kysymysvuoron eteenpäin.

 

[Ottoville]

Mikä kone on kuvassa.

 

[Ikarus]

Mikä kone on kuvassa.

Blohm & Voss BV 238, tässä kuvassa siinä ympäristössä, mihin se suunniteltiin.

 

[Erkki]

Näyttää jotenkin pieneltä, mutta sanon, jotta B&V 238.