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An interstellar comet looks to be heading our way
https://www.cnet.com/news/an-interstellar-comet-looks-to-be-heading-our-way/A comet first spotted by a Ukrainian amateur astronomer looks to be just the second known object to visit our cosmic neighborhood from beyond the solar system. What could be an even bigger deal is that this one was discovered as it's still approaching us.
Before you freak out: No, there doesn't appear to be any risk that the comet will collide with Earth.
The comet was found by Gennady Borisov of Crimea on Aug. 30, and went by the temporary name GB00234 until very recently. After being watched by several other observatories over the past few weeks, it was given the official name of C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) by the Minor Planet Center on Wednesday.
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Newly_Discovered_Comet_Is_Likely_Interstellar_Visitor_999.htmlA newly discovered comet has excited the astronomical community this week because it appears to have originated from outside the solar system. The object - designated C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) - was discovered on Aug. 30, 2019, by Gennady Borisov at the MARGO observatory in Nauchnij, Crimea. The official confirmation that comet C/2019 Q4 is an interstellar comet has not yet been made, but if it is interstellar, it would be only the second such object detected. The first, 'Oumuamua, was observed and confirmed in October 2017.
The new comet, C/2019 Q4, is still inbound toward the Sun, but it will remain farther than the orbit of Mars and will approach no closer to Earth than about 190 million miles (300 million kilometers).
After the initial detections of the comet, the Scout system, which is located at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, automatically flagged the object as possibly being interstellar.
Davide Farnocchia of NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies at JPL worked with astronomers and the European Space Agency's Near-Earth Object Coordination Center in Frascati, Italy, to obtain additional observations. He then worked with the NASA-sponsored Minor Planet Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to estimate the comet's precise trajectory and determine whether it originated within our solar system or came from elsewhere in the galaxy.
The comet is currently 260 million miles (420 million kilometers) from the Sun and will reach its closest point, or perihelion, on Dec. 8, 2019, at a distance of about 190 million miles (300 million kilometers).
"The comet's current velocity is high, about 93,000 mph [150,000 kph], which is well above the typical velocities of objects orbiting the Sun at that distance," said Farnocchia. "The high velocity indicates not only that the object likely originated from outside our solar system, but also that it will leave and head back to interstellar space."
Currently on an inbound trajectory, comet C/2019 Q4 is heading toward the inner solar system and will enter it on Oct. 26 from above at roughly a 40-degree angle relative to the ecliptic plane. That's the plane in which the Earth and planets orbit the Sun.
C/2019 Q4 was established as being cometary due to its fuzzy appearance, which indicates that the object has a central icy body that is producing a surrounding cloud of dust and particles as it approaches the Sun and heats up. Its location in the sky (as seen from Earth) places it near the Sun - an area of sky not usually scanned by the large ground-based asteroid surveys or NASA's asteroid-hunting NEOWISE spacecraft.
C/2019 Q4 can be seen with professional telescopes for months to come. "The object will peak in brightness in mid-December and continue to be observable with moderate-size telescopes until April 2020," said Farnocchia. "After that, it will only be observable with larger professional telescopes through October 2020."
Observations completed by Karen Meech and her team at the University of Hawaii indicate the comet nucleus is somewhere between 1.2 and 10 miles (2 and 16 kilometers) in diameter. Astronomers will continue to collect observations to further characterize the comet's physical properties (size, rotation, etc.) and also continue to better identify its trajectory.
Venäjän avaruushallinto Roskosmos pohtii aseiden antamista kosmonauteille, Venäjän valtion media Sputnik kertoo. Aseita harkitaan lisättäväksi kosmonauttien hätävarustukseen kuuluviin selviytymistarvikkeisiin.
Venäjän median mukaan kosmonauteilla ei ole ollut aseita yli kymmeneen vuoteen. Avaruuslentäjille kehitettiin 1980-luvulla TP-82-nimellä tunnettu kolmipiippuinen selviytymisase. Siihen kehitetyt erikoisammukset vanhenivat käyttökelvottomiksi vuonna 2007. Venäjän median mukaan aseiden kantaminen loppui tähän. Joidenkin lähteiden mukaan kosmonauteille on kuitenkin saatettu antaa mukaan tavanomaisia pistooleja tämän jälkeenkin.
Taas tyypillistä verkkomediaa eli kuraa.
Verkkomedia vetänyt tuon laser aseen kuvan jostain randomi twiitistä. Siinä venäläisessä uutisessa joka oli mainittu jutussa,niin siinä ei mainita sanallakaan tuota laser asetta vaan ihan "pistooli".
"TP-82 -pistooli oli kosmonauttien edellinen ase, kuva uudesta mallista näkyy jutun tekstin perässä."
"Kosmonauttien uusi ase vaikuttaa selvästi edeltäjäänsä futuristisemmalta (kuva alla)."
Verkkomedian sivuilta kuva.
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Tp-82 oli selviytymistä varten,jota oli tarkoitus käyttää mahdollisessa laskussa siberian erämaahan.
Tuo laser ase oli taasen tarkoitettu ihan avaruuteen.
"In 1984 to protect manned orbital stations and long term manned stations the Soviet Military Academy developed a really phantastic weapon – a fiber laser gun.
The main requirements to the weapon were a small size and ability to destroy optic systems of an enemy.
The main elements of the laser gun (as any laser) could be active medium, a pump source and an optical resonator. But it was subsequently decided to replace active medium with fiber optics elements. Disposable pyrotechnic electronic flashes were used as a source of light pumping."
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Missään ei siis mainittu että tätä laser asetta oltaisiin ottamassa käyttöön. Eiköhän ne pysy ihan museoissa ja kosmonauteille tulee taas selviytymistä varten pistooli.
http://www.moondaily.com/reports/NASA_in_megadeal_with_Lockheed_for_moon_mission_999.htmlNASA on Monday earmarked almost $3 billion to Lockheed Martin to build three Orion capsules, to allow US astronauts to return to the moon by 2024.
The megadeal calls for a first phase including three capsules for $2.7 billion, for Artemis missions III to V -- to take astronauts back to the moon.
Each capsule can carry four astronauts.
The space agency plans to order three more capsules during fiscal year 2022 for missions VI to VIII, for a total of $1.9 billion, said a NASA statement.
Six other capsules can be ordered later.
"This contract secures Orion production through the next decade, demonstrating NASA's commitment to establishing a sustainable presence at the Moon to bring back new knowledge and prepare for sending astronauts to Mars," said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine.
The Orion capsule must be able to bring astronauts to the Moon and back, and it must also be capable of traveling to Mars and beyond.
"Orion is a highly capable, state-of-the-art spacecraft, designed specifically for deep space missions with astronauts, and an integral part of NASA's infrastructure for Artemis missions and future exploration of the solar system," Bridenstine added.
NASA believes that ordering in groups of three capsules -- up to a dozen are now envisaged -- should help it save money.
The service module -- the part of the ship that has the main elements to keep astronauts alive during their flight -- is the responsibility of the European Space Agency.
Orion capsules must also be reusable at least once.
In addition to the capsule that will orbit around the Moon attached to a mini-station (the Gateway), NASA asked the aerospace sector at the end of July to propose detailed vehicle projects to land two astronauts on the Moon by 2024, including the first woman.
For now, the Artemis program is running behind schedule, mainly because of the construction delays of the SLS heavy rocket, piloted by NASA.
The flight of the Artemis I mission -- unmanned -- is scheduled for 2020. The first manned Artemis II flight is scheduled for 2022.
Starship valmistautuu lähtöön. Onhan se hieno, raikas ja futuristinen tuulahdus vanhoihin raketteihin.
Ihmisiä raketin vasemmalla puolella antamassa mittakaavaa. Myöhemmin tämä siis pultataan vielä BFR kantoraketin nokkaan.
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