(edellisen viestin lainaus jatkuu - lainaus on kirjan sivuilta 23-4 - 23-7, lihavoinnit ja alleviivaukset ovat alkuperäisen lähteen mukaiset)
Starting in 1941,
Fertigungskennzeichen (three letter codes) were assigned to hide the identity of all Waffenamt contractors including the Panzer assembly plants and armor suppliers. In practice this didn't work for assembly plants that were in production prior to receiving their three letter code to stamp into the
Fgst.Nr.Schild. Some assembly plants continued to use the same
Fgst. Nr.Schild as before - just cutting their name off and stamping on the three letter code. Even when the
Fgst.Nr.Schild design was changed, the change was made in the middle of a production run. Therefore, when
Pz.Kpfw.IV Ausf.E Fgst.Nr. 80814 was identified as Krupp-Grusonwerk in Magdeburg on its
Fgst.Nr.Schild, it didn't take a genius to figure out who made
Fgst.Nr. 80837 with its plate stamped "bqo". But, the British did have a difficult time identifying the assembly plants that started after 1941 (such as Vomag (ajk), Nibelungenwerk (hhv), and Alkett Werk Spandau (koc)) and therefore hadn't previously completed Panzers with serial number plates identified by location or assembly plant name.
Fortunately a rare copy of the super-secret
Fertigungskennzeichen code book was found and preserved by Colonel Jarrett, Curator of the Ordnance Museum, so that we now know the three letter codes assigned to all of the Panzer assembly plants and armor manufacturers.
Problems exist in trying to correctly identify how many were produced each month by
Fgst.Nr. when only one assembly firm was involved, let alone the complexities created when several assembly plants were producing the same model. This occurs with the
Pz.Kpfw.IV Ausf.C, D, E and
F (due to chassis being taken out of these production series for
Brueckenleger, Infanterie Sturmsteg, Munitions-Traeger for the
Karl-Geraet, and diverted for trials by Wa Pruef 6), the
Pz.Kpfw.38t.Ausf.A to
G and
S (because the Waffenamt reported some
Pz.Kpfw.38t that were produced for Slovakia), and the
Sturmgeschuetz Ausf.A to
E (because the Waffenamt did not report the six
Ausf.A produced by using
Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.G chassis).
When attempting to sort out this complex puzzle it is very important to have exhaustively conducted research to find all the surviving original document sources. Major mistakes result when an attempt is made to publish a factual history without having a copy of the manual listing the
Fgst.Nr. series assigned to each
Ausf. and without having the
Fgst.Nr. reports from units to determine which
Fgst.Nr. sequences were actually filled for each
Ausf. The order for 250
2.sPak (otherwise known as the
StuG Ausf.B) was completed as proven by
Fgst.Nr. 90339 repaired by Deutsche Eisenwerke on 19 May 1942 and
Fgst. Nr. 90349 with
StuG Abt.210 on 1 February 1943. The
StuG Ausf.G Fgst.Nr. series
91901 to
92000 was also filled as proven by
Fgst.Nr. 91903 and
91997 reported by
StuG Abt.909. And,
StuG Ausf.G Fgst.Nr. Serie 94251 to
95000 was not filled - not a single unit reported any
Fgst.Nr. in this sequence.
Walter J. Spielberger was the leader in publish ing Panzer histories. Living at the time in California, Walter did not have access to many original records but was working mainly with reports created by Allied military in telligence. In his first history of
Der Panzerkampfwagen III und seine Abarten and
Der Panzerkampfwagen IV und seine Abarten printed in the magazine
Feldgrau in 1962/63, Walter identified the production series as:
Not having access to many original records, Wal ter did not know that the
ZW Serie (abbreviation for the code name
Zugfuehrerwagen) had ended with the
8./Z.W.
There never was a
9./Z.W., 10./Z.W. or
11./Z.W. series as signed to contracts during the war. The
8./Z.W. series was used for the
Ausf.J, K, L, M, and
N which all used the same
Fahrgestell with variations in armament and fording capability. Only having a list from 1938 with the first five
B.W. series from
1./B.W. as the
Ausf.A to
5./B.W. as the
Ausf.E, Walter did not have the information that a series of 48
Pz.Kpfw.IV were ordered for the SS in late 1938 and named the
5./B.W. Serie, resulting in both the
4. and
5./B.W. series being used for the
Pz.Kpfw.IV Ausf.D. Lacking any other information on the further series, Walter logically continued the series with the
Pz.Kpfw.IV Ausf.F as the
6./B.W. (instead of as proven when Krupp's original records were later found, that the
6./B.W. was the
Ausf.E,
7./B.W. the
Ausf.F,
8./B.W. the
Ausf.G,
9./B.W. the
Ausf.H, and
10.B.W. the
Ausf.J.). These mistakes occurred because logic was used to fill gaps where data was missing in order to create a "complete" history. As we have learned through the course of 40 years of digging out the surviving original records, whenever "logic" has been used to fill gaps in the history - it is invariably proven to be a wrong guess when a document written at the time by a participant in the design, production, and use of the Panzers reveals the correct answer. Since the
Pz.Kpfw.III was code named "
Zugfuehrerwagen" it appeared logical that the
Pz.Kpfw.IV code name
B.W. stood for "
Bataillonsfuehrerwagen". It wasn't until digging through the surviving records from Krupp written in 1934 that we discovered that
B.W. actually stood for "
Begleitwagen".
The codes
La.S., La.S.100, Z.W., B.W., and
s.Pak were used as official designations in contracts awarded to the assembly plants and in correspondence with the Waffenamt dealing with production issues and modifications. For example, the firm Fried.Krupp Grusonwerk A.G. was awarded Auftrag Nr.67 241/37 for 42
Stueck Panzerkampfwagen-Fahrgestell fuer 2./Bw. When inspected for release to mount superstructure and turret, they were identified on the acceptance reports as
Pz.Kpfw.IV-Fahrgestellen Kennwort 2./Bw. These code names (
La.S., La.S.100, Z.W., B.W., and
s.Pak) did not appear on serial number plates nor were they listed in user or maintenance manuals.
Instead of a code name, the appropriate
Ausfuehrung (model) designation was stamped into the Panzer's serial number plates. These were to be used by the troops to identify the correct operational and maintenance manuals and replacement parts lists. During the war, the
Ausf. designation was only used by maintenance personnel, not those operating the Panzers. The crews simply referred to their Panzers as a Panzer I, II, III kurz, III lang, IV kz, IV lang, Panther (or Panzer V), or Tiger (or Panzer VI), but not by the
Ausf. letter and certainly not by the
Sd.Kfz. number.
It is only in the post-war era in books and plastic models that the
Ausf. letter has come into use as a means of identifying a particular Panzer. This has led to using external features to misidentify an
Ausf. and using secondary features such as brake access hatches, track guards, and superstructure shape to create names for sub-variants of an
Ausf. Due to modifications being ordered during the production run of a given
Ausf., the external appearance of Panzers frequently changed without the
Ausf. designation being changed. There were a few exceptions that occurred in March 1942 when the
Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.J armed with a
5 cm Kw.K. L/60 was renamed
Ausf.L, the
Pz.Kpfw.IV Ausf.F armed with a
7.5 cm Kw.K.40 L/43 was renamed
Ausf.F2 (and then
Ausf.G), and the
Sturmgeschuetz Ausf.E armed with a
7.5 cm Stu.K.40 L/43 was renamed
Ausf.F. To create a factual history, only the
Ausf. designations used during the war should be used. New
Ausf. designations shouldn't be created to explain modifications seen in photographs.
With the exception of six
Sturmgeschuetz Ausf.A completed on
Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.G chassis, the
Sturmgeschuetz Ausf.A through
Ausf.F chassis were based on (but not identical to) the
5./Z.W. design. However, starting with the
Ausf.F/8 the chassis was based on (but not identical to) the
8./Z.W. design. Both of the hulls for the surviving
StuG Ausf.F/8 are stamped with the code
cwb along with the
Wanne Nr., the year, and the number made that year. The stampings
91530 cwb 474-1942 and
91610 cwb 554-1942 reveal that Brandenburger Eisenwerke made all the hulls for the
StuG Ausf.F/8.
Wanne 91530 has single piece brake access hatches with four locks and
Wanne 91610 has two piece brake access hatches with side hinges. At the start of production run the
StuG Ausf.F/8 Wanne had single piece brake access hatches with hinges at the front - just like on an
8./Z.W. Wanne for a
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf.J and
L. As ordered, Brandenburger Eisenwerke simply started making
StuG Ausf.F/8 Wannen patterned after the
8./Z.W. Wanne - and made modifications to the brake access hatches (and other features) during the production run. As proven by the armor suppliers identification stamping, the
StuG Ausf.F/8 were not assembled using
8./Z.W. Wannen left over as
Pz.Kpfw.III production was phased out but had new hulls made specifically for them. The same is true at the start of the
StuG Ausf.G production when two new armor suppliers were added in order to rapidly increase the production rate. With the exception of the 142
StuG Ausf.G Fahrgestell completed by M.A.N., there weren't any
StuG Ausf.G assembled by Alkett or Miag using left over
8./Z.W. Wannen. Again, the two new armor suppliers Deutsche Edelstahl werke A.G., Werk Hannover (code chh) and Stahlwerke Harkort-Eichen, Hagen (code frp) were making a transition to
StuG Ausf.G Wannen and not simply using left over
8./Z.W. Wannen (and certainly not
9/ZW or
10/ZW Wannen - code names that never existed during the war).
While there had been several bombing raids that had previously caused production problems, it wasn't until the late fall of 1943 that the Waffenamt became concerned about their serious impact. While the assembly plants themselves had not been targeted for 'precision' bombing raids until 1944, area attacks on cities was sufficient to be disruptive - such as the raid on Kassel during the night of 22/23 October 1943 and the raid on Berlin on 26 November 1943. The Waffenamt used planned projections to determine that the
Absinken der Fertigung Infolge Fliegerschaden (loss of production due to bomb damage) had been 79
Tiger I at Henschel from October to December 1943 and 177
Sturmgeschuetz at Alkett in November and December 1943. But, these were losses in production NOT losses as Panzers destroyed.
While there are photos of a several Panzer hulls damaged on the assembly lines, it is fairly easy to prove that very few Panzers were destroyed in the assembly plants as the result of bombing raids when they were specifically targeted in 1944 and early 1945. Henschel was subjected to seven bombing raids (22, 27 and 28Sep, 2 and 7Oct, 15Dec44, and 9Mar45) in which the assembly plant was the target (3712 tons of high explosive and 2167 tons of incendiary bombs dropped) and there was a heavy area raid 30Dec/1Jan45 (1475 tons of HE bombs). While production was severely inhibited, the daily reports tracking the status of each
Tiger II by
Fgst.Nr. reveal that there wasn't a single one destroyed (as shown in the accompanying table accounting for every
Tiger II by
Fgst.Nr. though the end of production in March 1945).
While the heavy
Tiger II may not have been as susceptible to damage as the lighter Panzers, the limited data available also proves that there were very few Panzers destroyed during bombing raids. Krupp Grusonwerk in Magdeburg-Buckau was hit by five bombing raids directed at the assembly plant (5Aug, 11Sep, 70ct, 16Jan, 2Mar45 total of 1289 tons of bombs) and seven area raids dropping 8404 tons of bombs. The surviving copies of the Lieferschein (delivery reports) listing the
Sturmgeschuetz IV by
Fgst.Nr. reveal that there had been a maximum of three destroyed (
Fgst.Nr.101111 was delivered on 26 March 1945 with a total of 1111 completed - the last three in April 1945).
Miag was hit by two plant raids (5Aug44 and 3Mar45 with a total of 310 tons of HE bombs and 342 tons of incendiary bombs) and six area raids (from 20Feb44 to 29Mar45 with a total of 2006 tons of HE bombs and 2250 tons of incendiary bombs), which severely inhibited production. Destruction of
Sturmgeschuetz III due to bombing was not mentioned by the plant manager in his report dated 30Dec44 on the production difficulties caused by bombing raids in 1944. When compared to a total of 2586
Sturmgeschuetz III assembled by Miag (equal to reaching
Fgst.Nr.97586),
Fgst.Nr.97567 reported as being present in the Heeres Zeugamt on 19 January 1945 proves that the number of
Sturmgeschuetz III destroyed during bombing attacks was fairly insignificant - and certainly not the hundreds of losses claimed as factual history.
Destruction of Panthers caused by bombing raids on the three major assembly plants - M.A.N., Nuernberg, Daimler-Benz, Berlin, and MNH, Hannover - were also a very small number as revealed by
Fgst.Nr. analysis.
Fgst. Nr.121439 accepted by a Waffenamt inspector was still at the M.A.N. assembly plant at the end of the war.
Fgst. Nr.125293 from Daimler-Benz and
Fgst.Nr.129104 from MNH were issued on 14 April 1945. All three of these
Fgst.Nr. are in line with the total number reported as produced by each of the three assembly plant and therefore reveal that there wasn't any significant destruction of
Panthers from bombing raids.
With a few exceptions, the last complete monthly production reports are for March 1945. Therefore, in some cases issue records have been used to estimate production that occurred at the end of the War in April 1945. These estimates are identified with the "~" sign.
The following tables were created to precisely present statistical data, divided into each major Panzer series; accompanied by photographs of each significant model including the correct identification and number manufactured as photo captions. We have spent a lifetime dedicated to compiling as accurate a record as surviving records allows. Facts are not copyrightable and we want others to utilize our efforts in creating their own factual histories. Please don't compromise our efforts by mixing this primary source data with speculations from unreliable published sources.