Koitetaan nyt edes jotain spekuloida.
Spekulaatioille runkoa rapakon takaa (
http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp3_05.pdf) sivu 32:
DA entails short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted with specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets in hostile, denied, or diplomatically and/or politically sensitive environments. DA differs from other offensive actions in the level of diplomatic or political risk, the operational techniques employed, and the degree of discriminate and precise use of force to achieve specific objectives. SOF may take DA through raids, ambushes, or other direct assault tactics; standoff attacks by fire from air, ground, or maritime platforms; provision of terminal guidance for precision-guided munitions; independent sabotage; and special antiship operations or maritime interception operations. (1) Forces conducting DA usually withdraw from the planned objective area as quickly as possible to limit the operation’s scope and duration. DA can provide specific and often time-sensitive results at operational and strategic levels of warfare. (2) SOF may conduct DA independently or as part of a larger joint operation or campaign. Although normally considered close combat, DA also includes precision marksmanship and other standoff attacks by fire delivered or directed by SOF. Standoff attacks are preferred when the target can be damaged or destroyed without close combat. SOF employs close combat tactics and techniques when the mission requires precise or discriminate use of force. (3) DA missions may also involve locating and capturing or seizing selected highvalue targets or materiel in sensitive, denied, or contested areas. These missions usually result from situations involving diplomatic and/or political sensitivity or military criticality of the adversary personnel or materiel being taken from remote or hostile environments. (4) DA supports PR (including unconventional assisted recovery) by use of dedicated ground combat elements, unconventional techniques, precise intelligence on isolated personnel, and indigenous or surrogate assistance. (5) Maritime DA can include across-the-beach operations; near-simultaneous underway nighttime shipboarding; underwater attack against ships or other targets; harbor attack; and gas and oil platform assault.
SR entails reconnaissance and surveillance actions normally conducted in a clandestine or covert manner to collect or verify information of strategic or operational Chapter II II-6 JP 3-05 significance, employing military capabilities not normally found in CF. These actions provide an additive collection capability for commanders and supplement other conventional reconnaissance and surveillance actions. SR may include collecting information on activities of an actual or potential enemy or securing data on the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area. SEALs have historically conducted hydrographic reconnaissance in support of amphibious operations. SR may also include assessment of chemical, biological, residual radiological, or environmental hazards in a denied area. SR includes target acquisition, area assessment, and post-strike reconnaissance, and may be accomplished by air, land, or maritime assets. (1) SR complements national and theater intelligence collection assets and systems by obtaining specific, well-defined, and time-sensitive information. SR may also complement other collection methods constrained by weather, terrain-masking, or adversary defenses. SOF conduct SR to place “eyes on target.” SR typically provides essential information to develop a commander’s situational awareness necessary for command decisions, follow-on missions, or critical assessments. (2) Using SR enables the JFC to enhance situational awareness and facilitate staff planning and execution of joint operations. SOF are not dedicated reconnaissance assets for CF. Rather, the JFC typically tasks SOF to provide SR, and may establish a joint special operations area (JSOA) for that mission. On a case-by-case basis, the JFC may task SOF to conduct SR for essential intelligence in a CF’s operational area when the CF lacks the reconnaissance capability. (3) SR and other intelligence operations are inherent to operations, not just planning. SOF also employ organic ISR assets that should not be confused with SR. These assets require synchronization from planning through execution, and include the processing, exploitation, and dissemination of information. Persistent surveillance combined with tailored processing, exploitation, and dissemination provides SOF with precise intelligence. SOF require precise, detailed intelligence which must often be produced and disseminated in austere environments with limited data transport architectures. (4) SOF depend on manned and unmanned assets. Essential intelligence support to SR includes signals intelligence (SIGINT), human intelligence (HUMINT), and TTL devices to provide extended surveillance and reconnaissance according to SOF essential elements of information and priority intelligence requirements. SR is used for target identification and confirmation, laser target acquisition and post-strike reconnaissance. SR also may use unmanned aircraft (UA) with imagery, SIGINT, and other intelligence collection capability to provide persistent, high-fidelity intelligence on an adversary that moves and operates among civilians.
